Tok Janggut free essay sample

The  Federation of Malaya  (Malay:  Persekutuan Tanah Melayu) is the name given to a federation of 11 states (nine  state sand two of the  British  Straits Settlements,  Penang  and  Malacca)  that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957. It was reconstituted as  Malaysia  with the addition in 1963 of  Singapore, Sabah, and  Sarawak. History From 1946 to 1948, the 11  states formed a single  British  crown colony  known as the  Malayan Union. Due to opposition from  Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states. Within the Federation, while the Malay states were  protectorates  of the  United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as Malaysia when it federated with the British territories of Singapore, Sarawak, and  British North Borneo  (renamed Sabah); the latter territory was claimed to be a part of the Sultanate of Sulu. We will write a custom essay sample on Tok Janggut or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9  August  1965. The Federation Agreement The Federation of Malaya Agreement was formulated by the British–Malay Pleno Conference between June and December 1946. At the end of the meeting, the Pleno Conference produced a 100-page Blue Book. Although enshrining concepts such as  federalism  and a constitutional monarchy, the proposed Malayan constitution by the Reid Commission also contained provisions protecting special position for the  Malays, such as  quotas  in admission to higher education and the civil service, and making  Islam  the official religion of the federation. It also made  Malay  the official language of the nation, although the right to vernacular education in Chinese and  Tamil  would be protected. Although  Tunku Abdul Rahman  and the Malay rulers had asked the Reid Commission to ensure that in an independent  Malaya  all nationals should be accorded equal rights, privileges and opportunities and there must not be discrimination on grounds of race and creed, the Malays special position, which many in the ruling  United Malays National Organisation backed, were cited as necessary by the Reid Commission as a form of  affirmative action.